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+# graceful-fs
+
+graceful-fs functions as a drop-in replacement for the fs module,
+making various improvements.
+
+The improvements are meant to normalize behavior across different
+platforms and environments, and to make filesystem access more
+resilient to errors.
+
+## Improvements over [fs module](https://nodejs.org/api/fs.html)
+
+* Queues up `open` and `readdir` calls, and retries them once
+  something closes if there is an EMFILE error from too many file
+  descriptors.
+* fixes `lchmod` for Node versions prior to 0.6.2.
+* implements `fs.lutimes` if possible. Otherwise it becomes a noop.
+* ignores `EINVAL` and `EPERM` errors in `chown`, `fchown` or
+  `lchown` if the user isn't root.
+* makes `lchmod` and `lchown` become noops, if not available.
+* retries reading a file if `read` results in EAGAIN error.
+
+On Windows, it retries renaming a file for up to one second if `EACCESS`
+or `EPERM` error occurs, likely because antivirus software has locked
+the directory.
+
+## USAGE
+
+```javascript
+// use just like fs
+var fs = require('graceful-fs')
+
+// now go and do stuff with it...
+fs.readFileSync('some-file-or-whatever')
+```
+
+## Global Patching
+
+If you want to patch the global fs module (or any other fs-like
+module) you can do this:
+
+```javascript
+// Make sure to read the caveat below.
+var realFs = require('fs')
+var gracefulFs = require('graceful-fs')
+gracefulFs.gracefulify(realFs)
+```
+
+This should only ever be done at the top-level application layer, in
+order to delay on EMFILE errors from any fs-using dependencies.  You
+should **not** do this in a library, because it can cause unexpected
+delays in other parts of the program.
+
+## Changes
+
+This module is fairly stable at this point, and used by a lot of
+things.  That being said, because it implements a subtle behavior
+change in a core part of the node API, even modest changes can be
+extremely breaking, and the versioning is thus biased towards
+bumping the major when in doubt.
+
+The main change between major versions has been switching between
+providing a fully-patched `fs` module vs monkey-patching the node core
+builtin, and the approach by which a non-monkey-patched `fs` was
+created.
+
+The goal is to trade `EMFILE` errors for slower fs operations.  So, if
+you try to open a zillion files, rather than crashing, `open`
+operations will be queued up and wait for something else to `close`.
+
+There are advantages to each approach.  Monkey-patching the fs means
+that no `EMFILE` errors can possibly occur anywhere in your
+application, because everything is using the same core `fs` module,
+which is patched.  However, it can also obviously cause undesirable
+side-effects, especially if the module is loaded multiple times.
+
+Implementing a separate-but-identical patched `fs` module is more
+surgical (and doesn't run the risk of patching multiple times), but
+also imposes the challenge of keeping in sync with the core module.
+
+The current approach loads the `fs` module, and then creates a
+lookalike object that has all the same methods, except a few that are
+patched.  It is safe to use in all versions of Node from 0.8 through
+7.0.
+
+### v4
+
+* Do not monkey-patch the fs module.  This module may now be used as a
+  drop-in dep, and users can opt into monkey-patching the fs builtin
+  if their app requires it.
+
+### v3
+
+* Monkey-patch fs, because the eval approach no longer works on recent
+  node.
+* fixed possible type-error throw if rename fails on windows
+* verify that we *never* get EMFILE errors
+* Ignore ENOSYS from chmod/chown
+* clarify that graceful-fs must be used as a drop-in
+
+### v2.1.0
+
+* Use eval rather than monkey-patching fs.
+* readdir: Always sort the results
+* win32: requeue a file if error has an OK status
+
+### v2.0
+
+* A return to monkey patching
+* wrap process.cwd
+
+### v1.1
+
+* wrap readFile
+* Wrap fs.writeFile.
+* readdir protection
+* Don't clobber the fs builtin
+* Handle fs.read EAGAIN errors by trying again
+* Expose the curOpen counter
+* No-op lchown/lchmod if not implemented
+* fs.rename patch only for win32
+* Patch fs.rename to handle AV software on Windows
+* Close #4 Chown should not fail on einval or eperm if non-root
+* Fix isaacs/fstream#1 Only wrap fs one time
+* Fix #3 Start at 1024 max files, then back off on EMFILE
+* lutimes that doens't blow up on Linux
+* A full on-rewrite using a queue instead of just swallowing the EMFILE error
+* Wrap Read/Write streams as well
+
+### 1.0
+
+* Update engines for node 0.6
+* Be lstat-graceful on Windows
+* first